2012
Journal article
Open Access
Cold and trapped metastable noble gases
Vassen Wim, Cohen-Tannoudji Claude, Leduc Michele, Boiron Denis, Westbrook Christoph I., Truscott Andrew, Baldwin Ken, Birkl Gerhard, Cancio Pablo, Trippenbach Marek
atomic collisions [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph] FINE-STRUCTURE INTERVAL Metastable atoms ULTRACOLD IONIZING COLLISIONS laser cooling [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph] Quantum Physics Quantum Physics (quant-ph) FOS: Physical sciences BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION 03.75.-b General Physics and Astronomy atomic lifetimes Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph) NEON ATOMIC-BEAM atom optics POLARIZED TRIPLET HELIUM Physics - Atomic Physics Bose-Einstein condensation atomic spectroscopy
Experimental work on cold, trapped metastable noble gases is reviewed. The aspects which distinguish work with these atoms from the large body of work on cold, trapped atoms in general is emphasized. These aspects include detection techniques and collision processes unique to metastable atoms. Several experiments exploiting these unique features in fields including atom optics and statistical physics are described. Precision measurements on these atoms including fine structure splittings, isotope shifts, and atomic lifetimes are also discussed.
Source: Reviews of modern physics 84 (2012): 175–210. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.84.175
Publisher: American Physical Society,, Minneapolis , Stati Uniti d'America
detailed close-coupling theory calculations (Leo et al., 2001), as well as with a simpler calculation (Mastwijk et al., 1998); at 1 mK K(unpol)=8:3 10 11 cm3/s which agrees with K(unpol)=8:9 10 11 cm3/s (Leo et al., 2001) and K(unpol)=7:3 10 11 cm3/s (Mastwijk et al., 1998).
1. Measurement of ionizing collisions in a MOT Since the observation of BEC, the ability to coherently outcouple atoms to form a coherent beam of matter waves, or \atom laser" (Mewes et al., 1997) has attracted much attention, in part because of its potential applications in atom interferometry. Coherent matter wave optics is reviewed in Bongs and Sengstock (2004).
>From a fundamental perspective, atom lasers can be used to study atom-atom interactions (Doring et al., 2008) as well as coherent properties (Bloch et al., 2000) of matter waves. Atomic scattering is responsible for non-linearities in atom laser formation, which can generAltman, E., E. Demler, and M. D. Lukin, 2004, Phys. Rev. A 70, 013603.
Amroun, A., V. Breton, J.-M. Cavedon, B. Frois, D. Goutte, F. P. Juster, P. Leconte, J. Martino, Y. Mizuno, X.-H. Phan, S. K. Platchkov, I. Sick, et al., 1994, Nucl. Phys. A 579, 596.
Anderson, M. H., J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, 1995, Science 269, 198.
Aspect, A., E. Arimondo, R. Kaiser, N. Vansteenkiste, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 826.
Aspect, A., N. Vansteenkiste, R. Kaiser, H. Haberland, and M. Karrais, 1990, Chemical Physics 145, 307.
Baldwin, K., 2005, Cont. Phys. 46, 105.
Band, Y. B., M. Trippenbach, J. P. Burke, and P. S. Julienne, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5462.
Bardou, F., J. P. Bouchaud, A. Aspect, and C. CohenTannoudji, 2002, Levy statistics and laser cooling. How rare events bring atoms to rest (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
Bardou, F., O. Emile, J.-M. Courty, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 1992, Europhys. Lett. 20, 681.
Barrett, M. D., J. A. Sauer, and M. S. Chapman, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 010404.
Baym, G., 1998, Act. Phys. Pol. B 29, 1839.
Beams, T. J., G. Peach, and I. B. Whittingham, 2004, J. Phys. B 37, 4561.
Beams, T. J., I. B. Whittingham, and G. Peach, 2007, Phys. Rev. A 76, 062707.
Blaum, K., W. Geithner, J. Lassen, P. Lievens, K. Marinova, and R. Neugart, 2008, Nucl. Phys. A 799, 30.
Bloch, I., 2005, Nature Physics 1, 23.
Bloch, I., J. Dalibard, and W. Zwerger, 2008, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 885.
Bloch, I., T. W. Hansch, and T. Esslinger, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3008.
Bloch, I., T. W. Hansch, and T. Esslinger, 2000, Nature 403, 166.
Bongs, K., and K. Sengstock, 2004, Rep. Prog. Phys. 67, 907.
Borbely, J. S., M. C. George, L. D. Lombardi, M. Weel, D. W. Fitzakerley, and E. A. Hessels, 2009, Phys. Rev. A 79, 060503.
Borie, E., and G. A. Rinker, 1978, Phys. Rev. A 18, 324.
Bouchendira, R., P. Clade, S. Guellati-Khelifa, F. Nez, and F. Biraben, 2011, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 080801.
Bourdel, T., L. Khaykovich, J. Cubizolles, J. Zhang, F. Chevy, M. Teichmann, L. Tarruell, S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans, and C. Salomon, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 050401.
Bradley, C. C., C. A. Sackett, J. J. Tollett, and R. G. Hulet, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1687.
Browaeys, A., J. Poupard, A. Robert, S. Nowak, W. Rooijakkers, E. Arimondo, L. Marcassa, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2000, Eur. Phys. J. D 8, 199.
Browaeys, A., A. Robert, O. Sirjean, J. Poupard, S. Nowak, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 64, 034703.
Buchmann, L. F., G. M. Nikolopoulos, O. Zobay, and P. Lambropoulos, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 81, 031606.
Bucker, R., J. Grond, S. Manz, T. Berrada, T. Betz, C. Koller, U. Hohenester, T. Schumm, A. Perrin, and J. Schmiedmayer, 2011, arXiv:1210.2348.
Burnham, D. C., and D. L. Weinberg, 1970, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 84.
Burt, E. A., R. W. Ghrist, C. J. Myatt, M. J. Holland, E. A. Cornell, and C. E. Wieman, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 337.
Busch, H. C., M. K. Sha er, E. M. Ahmed, and C. I. Sukenik, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 023406.
Busch, T., M. Kohl, T. Esslinger, and K. M lmer, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 65, 043615.
Byron, L. J., R. G. Dall, W. Rugway, and A. G. Truscott, 2010a, New J. Phys. 12, 013004.
Byron, L. J., R. G. Dall, and A. G. Truscott, 2010b, Phys. Rev. A 81, 013405.
Campbell, G. K., J. Mun, M. Boyd, E. W. Streed, W. Ketterle, and D. E. Pritchard, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 020406.
Cancio Pastor, P., G. Giusfredi, P. De Natale, G. Hagel, C. de Mauro, and M. Inguscio, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 023001.
Cancio Pastor, P., G. Giusfredi, P. De Natale, G. Hagel, C. de Mauro, and M. Inguscio, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 139903.
Cannon, B., and G. Janik, 1990, Phys. Rev. A 42, 397.
Carnal, O., and J. Mlynek, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2689.
Carr, L. D., D. DeMille, R. V. Krems, and J. Ye, 2009, N. J. Phys. 11, 055049.
Cashen, M., and H. Metcalf, 2003, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 915.
Cashen, M. T., and H. Metcalf, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 63, 025406.
Casimir, H. B. G., and D. Polder, 1948, Phys. Rev. 73, 360.
Castillega, J., D. Livingston, A. Sanders, and D. Shiner, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4321.
Chen, C. Y., K. Bailey, Y. M. Li, T. P. O'Connor, Z.-T. Lu, X. Du, L. Young, and G. Winkler, 2001, Rev. Sci. Instr. 72, 271.
Chin, C., R. Grimm, P. Julienne, and E. Tiesinga, 2010, Rev. Mod. Phys 82, 1225.
Chu, S., 1998, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 685.
Chu, S., 2002, Nature 416, 206.
Chwedenczuk, J., P. Zin, M. Trippenbach, A. Perrin, V. Leung, D. Boiron, and C. I. Westbrook, 2008, Phys. Rev. A 78, 053605.
Cocks, D. G., and I. B. Whittingham, 2009, Phys. Rev. A 80, 023417.
Cocks, D. G., and I. B. Whittingham, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 81, 033406.
Cocks, D. G., I. B. Whittingham, and G. Peach, 2010, J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43, 135002.
Cohen-Tannoudji, C. N., 1998, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 707.
Consolino, L., G. Giusfredi, P. De Natale, M. Inguscio, and P. Cancio, 2011, Opt. Express 19, 3155.
Cornell, E. A., and C. E. Wieman, 2002, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 875.
Couvert, A., M. Jeppesen, T. Kawalec, G. Reinaudi, R. Mathevet, and D. Guery-Odelin, 2008, EPL 83, 50001.
Cronin, A. D., J. Schmiedmayer, and D. E. Pritchard, 2009, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1051.
Dalfovo, F., S. Giorgini, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, 1999, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 463.
Dalibard, J., and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 1985, J.Opt.Soc.Am. B 11, 1707.
Dall, R., S. Hodgman, A. Manning, M. Johnsson, K. Baldwin, and A. Truscott, 2011, Nature Comm. 2, 291.
Dall, R., and A. Truscott, 2007, Opt. Commun. 270, 255.
Dall, R. G., K. G. H. Baldwin, L. J. Byron, and A. G. Truscott, 2008a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 023001.
Dall, R. G., L. J. Byron, A. G. Truscott, G. R. Dennis, M. T. Johnsson, and J. J. Hope, 2009, Phys. Rev. A 79, 011601.
Dall, R. G., L. J. Byron, A. G. Truscott, G. R. Dennis, M. T. Johnsson, M. Jeppesen, and J. J. Hope, 2007, Opt. Express 15, 17673.
Dall, R. G., C. J. Dedman, and A. G. Truscott, 2008b, Opt. Express 16, 14716.
Dall, R. G., S. S. Hodgman, M. T. Johnsson, K. G. H. Baldwin, and A. G. Truscott, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 81, 011602.
Davis, K. B., M. O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, D. S. Durfee, D. M. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3969.
Dedman, C. J., J. Nes, T. Hanna, R. Dall, K. Baldwin, and A. G. Truscott, 2004, Rev. Sci. Instr. 75, 5136.
DeMarco, B., and D. Jin, 1999, Science 285, 1703.
Deng, L., E. Hagley, J. Wen, M. Trippenbach, Y. Band, P. Julienne, J. Simsarian, K. Helmerson, S. Rolston, and W. Phillips, 1999, Nature 398, 218.
Derevianko, A., and W. R. Johnson, 1997, Phys. Rev. A 56, 1288.
Derevianko, A., and H. Katori, 2011, Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 331.
Deuar, P., and P. D. Drummond, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 120402.
Dickinson, A. S., F. X. Gadea, and T. Leininger, 2004, J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 587.
D'Incao, J. P., and B. D. Esry, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 030703.
Doery, M. R., E. J. D. Vredenbregt, S. S. Op de Beek, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and B. J. Verhaar, 1998, Phys. Rev. A. 58, 3673.
Doret, S. C., C. B. Connolly, W. Ketterle, and J. M. Doyle, 2009, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 103005.
Doring, D., N. P. Robins, C. Figl, and J. D. Close, 2008, Opt. Express 16, 13893.
Dorrer, C., F. Nez, B. de Beauvoir, L. Julien, and F. Biraben, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3658.
Dowling, J. P., 1998, Phys. Rev. A 57, 4736.
Doyle, J. M., B. Friedrich, J. Kim, and D. Patterson, 1995, Phys. Rev. A 52, R2515.
Drake, G., 1969, Astron. J. 158, 1199.
Drake, G. W. F., 1971, Phys. Rev. A 3, 908.
Drake, G. W. F., 2002, Can. J. Phys. 80, 1195.
Drever, R. W. P., J. L. Hall, F. Kowalski, G. Hough, J. andFord, A. Munley, and H. Ward, 1983, Appl. Phys. B 31, 97.
van Drunen, W. J., 2008, Collisional interactions between metastable neon atoms, Ph.D. thesis, Technische Universitat Darmstadt.
van Drunen, W. J., N. Herschbach, J. Schutz, and G. Birkl, 2011, Trapping and collisional properties of neon atoms in the 3P0 state, in preparation.
Duan, L.-M., A. S rensen, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3991.
Eyler, E., D. Chieda, M. Stowe, M. Thorpe, T. Schibli, and J. Ye, 2008, Eur. Phys. J. D 48, 43.
Faulstich, A., A. Schnetz, M. Sigel, T. Sleator, O. Carnal, V. Balykin, H. Takuma, and J. Mlynek, 1992, Europhysics. Lett. 17, 393.
Fedichev, P. O., M. W. Reynolds, U. M. Rahmanov, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, 1996a, Phys. Rev. A. 53, 1447.
Fedichev, P. O., M. W. Reynolds, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, 1996b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2921.
Feldker, T., J. Schutz, H. John, and G. Birkl, 2011, Eur. Phys. J. D 65, 257.
Ferlaino, G. R., F., 2010, Physics 3, 9.
Folling, S., F. Gerbier, A. Widera, O. Mandel, T. Gerike, and I. Bloch, 2005, Nature 434, 481.
Frieze, W., E. Hinds, V. Hughes, and F. Pichanick, 1981, Phys. Rev. A 24, 279.
Fujita, J., S. Mitake, and F. Shimizu, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4027.
Gallagher, A., and D. E. Pritchard, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 957.
Gardiner, C. W., P. Zoller, R. J. Ballagh, and M. J. Davis, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1793.
Gattobigio, G. L., A. Couvert, M. Jeppesen, R. Mathevet, and D. Guery-Odelin, 2009, Phys. Rev. A 80, 041605.
Gay, T. J., 1996, Sources of Metastable Atoms and Molecules (Academic Press), volume 29B of Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics: Atoms and Molecules, pp. 95{114.
Gemelke, N., E. Sarajlic, Y. Bidel, S. Hong, and S. Chu, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 170404.
George, M. C., L. Lombardi, and E. Hessels, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 173002.
Gerginov, V., K. Calkins, C. Tanner, J. McFerran, S. Diddams, A. Bartels, and L. Holberg, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 032504.
Giovannetti, V., S. Lloyd, and L. Maccone, 2004, Science 306, 1330.
Giovannetti, V., S. Lloyd, and L. Maccone, 2011, arXiv:1102.2318v1.
Giusfredi, G., P. De Natale, D. Mazzotti, P. Cancio Pastor, C. de Mauro, L. Fallani, G. Hagel, V. Krachmalnico , and M. Inguscio, 2005, Can. J. Phys. 83, 301.
Glauber, R. J., 1963, Phys. Rev. 130, 2529.
Glauber, R. J., 1965, in Quantum Optics and Electronics, edited by C. de Witt, A. Blandin, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji (Gordon and Breach, New York).
Glauber, R. J., 2006, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 1267.
Gomes, J. V., A. Perrin, M. Schellekens, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and M. Belsley, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 74, 053607.
Goosen, M. R., T. G. Tiecke, W. Vassen, and S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 82, 042713.
Greiner, M., O. Mandel, T. Esslinger, T. W. Hansch, and I. Bloch, 2002, Nature 415, 39.
Greiner, M., C. A. Regal, and D. S. Jin, 2003, Nature 426, 537.
Greiner, M., C. A. Regal, J. T. Stewart, and D. S. Jin, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 110401.
Gri n, A., W.-C. Wu, and S. Stringari, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1838.
Grimm, R., M. Weidemuller, and Y. B. Ovchinnikov, 2000, Molecular and Optical Physics 42, 95.
Grondalski, J., P. M. Alsing, and I. H. Deutsch, 1999, Optics Express. 5, 249.
Guerin, W., J.-F. Riou, J. P. Gaebler, V. Josse, P. Bouyer, and A. Aspect, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 200402.
Guery-Odelin, D., F. Zambelli, J. Dalibard, and S. Stringari, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 60, 4851.
Hack, J., L. Liu, M. Olshanii, and H. Metcalf, 2000, Phys. Rev. A 62, 013405.
Halliwell, X. W., H. Friedrich, S. T. Gibson, and K. G. H. Baldwin, 2003, Opt. Comm. 224, 89.
Hanbury Brown, R., and R. Q. Twiss, 1956, Nature 177, 27.
Hanneke, D., S. Fogwell, and G. Gabrielse, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 120801.
Harada, Y., S. Masuda, and H. Ozaki, 1997, Chem. Rev. 97, 1897.
Heidmann, A., R. J. Horowicz, S. Reynaud, E. Giacobino, C. Fabre, and G. Camy, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2555.
Herschbach, N., 2003, Trapped triplet helium atoms: inelastic collisions and evaporative cooling, Ph.D. thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Herschbach, N., P. Tol, A. Tychkov, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2003, J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 5, 65.
Herschbach, N., P. J. J. Tol, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2000a, Phys. Rev. A. 61, 050702(R).
Herschbach, N., P. J. J. Tol, W. Vassen, W. Hogervorst, G. Woestenenk, J. W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, and A. Niehaus, 2000b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1874.
Hess, H. F., 1986, Physical Review B 34, 3476.
Hill, J. C., L. L. Hat eld, N. D. Stockwell, and G. K. Walters, 1972, Phys. Rev. A 5(1), 189.
Hilligs e, K. M., and K. M lmer, 2005, Phys. Rev. A 71, 041602.
Hodgman, S. S., R. G. Dall, K. G. H. Baldwin, and A. G. Truscott, 2009a, Phys. Rev. A 80, 044501.
Hodgman, S. S., R. G. Dall, L. J. Byron, K. G. H. Baldwin, S. J. Buckman, and A. G. Truscott, 2009b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 053002.
Hodgman, S. S., R. G. Dall, A. G. Manning, K. G. H. Baldwin, and A. G. Truscott, 2011, Science 331, 1046.
Hong, C. K., Z. Y. Ou, and L. Mandel, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59(18), 2044.
Hoogerland, M. D., J. P. J. Driessen, E. J. D. Vredenbregt, H. J. L. Megens, M. P. Schuwer, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and K. A. H. van Leeuwen, 1996a, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics 62, 323.
Hoogerland, M. D., D. Milic, W. Lu, H.-A. Bachor, K. G. H. Baldwin, and S. J. Buckman, 1996b, Australian Journal of Physics 49, 567.
Hotop, H., 1996, Detection of Metastable Atoms and Molecules (Academic Press), volume 29B of Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics: Atoms and Molecules, pp. 191{215.
Hughes, V. W., 1969, Comm. At. Mol. Phys. 1, 5.
Indelicato, P., J. Desclaux, and Y.-K. Kim, 1994, unpublished, cited in Walhout, M. et al., PRL 72, 2843 (1994).
Jagutzki, O., V. Mergel, K. Ullmann-P eger, L. Spielberger, U. Spillmann, R. Dorner, and H. Schmidt-Boking, 2002, Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. A 477, 244.
Jaskula, J.-C., M. Bonneau, G. B. Partridge, V. Krachmalnico , P. Deuar, K. V. Kheruntsyan, A. Aspect, D. Boiron, and C. I. Westbrook, 2010, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 190402.
Jeltes, T., J. M. McNamara, W. Hogervorst, W. Vassen, V. Krachmalnico , M. Schellekens, A. Perrin, H. Chang, D. Boiron, A. Aspect, and C. I. Westbrook, 2007, Nature 445, 402.
Jessen, P. S., and I. H. Deutsch, 1996, Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 95.
Jochim, S., M. Bartenstein, A. Altmeyer, G. Hendl, S. Riedl, C. Chin, J. H. Denschlag, and R. Grimm, 2003, Science 302, 2101.
Johnson, W., and J. Plante, D.R.and Sapirstein, 1995, Adv. At., Mol., Opt. Phys. 35, 255.
Jones, K. M., E. Tiesinga, P. D. Lett, and P. S. Julienne, 2006, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 483.
Julienne, P. S., and F. H. Mies, 1989, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 2257.
Jung, R., S. Gerlach, R. Schumann, G. von Oppen, and U. Eichmann, 2003, Eur. Phys. J. D 23, 415.
Kagan, Y., B. V. Svistunov, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, 1985, JETP Lett. 42, 209.
Katori, H., H. Kunugita, and T. Ido, 1995, Phys. Rev. A. 52, 4324.
Katori, H., and F. Shimizu, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3545.
Katori, H., and F. Shimizu, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2555.
Kawanaka, J., M. Hagiuda, K. Shimizu, F. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1993, Appl. Phys. B 56, 21.
Ketterle, W., 2002, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 1131.
Ketterle, W., and N. J. van Druten, 1996, Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 37, 181.
Ketterle, W., D. Durfee, and D. Stamper-Kurn, 1999, in BoseEinstein Condensation in Atomic Gases, Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi, Course CXL, edited by M. Inguscio, S. Stringari, and C. E. Wieman (IOS Press, Amsterdam), pp. 67{176.
Kheruntsyan, K. V., and P. D. Drummond, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 66, 031602.
Killian, T., and S. Rolston, 2010, Physics Today 63, 46.
Kim, J., U. Rapol, S. Moal, J. Leonard, M. Walhout, and M. Leduc, 2004, Eur. Phys. J. D 31, 227.
Klein, A., B. Brown, U. Georg, M. Keim, P. Lievens, R. Neugart, M. Neuroth, R. Silverans, and L. Vermeeren, 1996, Nucl. Phys. A 607, 1.
Knoop, S., 2011, private communication.
Knoop, S., F. Ferlaino, M. Mark, M. Berninger, H. Schobel, H.-C. Nagerl, and R. Grimm, 2009, Nature Physics 5, 227.
Koelemeij, J. C. J., and M. Leduc, 2004, Eur. Phys. J. D 31, 263.
Koelemeij, J. C. J., R. J. W. Stas, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2003, Phys. Rev. A. 67, 053406.
Koelemeij, J. C. J., A. S. Tychkov, T. Jeltes, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2004, J. Phys. B- At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 3501.
Kohler, T., K. Goral, and P. S. Julienne, 2006, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 1311.
Koolen, A. E. A., G. T. Jansen, K. F. E. M. Domen, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and K. A. H. van Leeuwen, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 65, 041601.
Krachmalnico , V., 2009, Two experiments on quantum correlations in gases of metastable helium: fermion antibunching and a study of boson pair correlations in the collision of two condensates, Ph.D. thesis, Universite de Paris-Sud.
Krachmalnico , V., J.-C. Jaskula, M. Bonneau, V. Leung, G. B. Partridge, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, P. Deuar, P. Zin, M. Trippenbach, and K. V. Kheruntsyan, 2010, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 150402.
Kraemer, T., M. Mark, P. Waldburger, J. G. Danzl, C. Chin, B. Engeser, A. D. Lange, K. Pilch, A. Jaakkola, H. C. Nagerl, and R. Grimm, 2006, Nature 440, 315.
Kumakura, M., and N. Morita, 1992, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 31, L276.
Kumakura, M., and N. Morita, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2848.
Kunugita, H., T. Ido, and F. Shimizu, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 621.
Kuppens, S. J. M., J. G. C. Tempelaars, V. P. Mogendor , B. J. Claessens, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and E. J. D. Vredenbregt, 2002, Phys. Rev. A. 65, 023410.
Labeyrie, G., A. Browaeys, W. Rooijakkers, D. Voelker, J. Grosperrin, B. Wanner, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 1999, Eur. Phys. J. D 7, 341.
Lach, G., and K. Pachucki, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 64, 042510.
Lapington, J., 2004, Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. A 525, 361.
Lawall, J., F. Bardou, B. Saubamea, K. Shimizu, M. Leduc, A. Aspect, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1915.
Lawall, J., S. Kulin, B. Saubamea, N. Bigelow, M. Leduc, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4194.
Lawall, J., C. Orzel, and S. L. Rolston, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 480.
Lawall, J., and M. Prentiss, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 993.
Leduc, M., J. Leonard, F. dos Santos, E. Jahier, S. Schwartz, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 2002, Act. Phys. Pol. B 33, 2213.
van Leeuwen, K. A. H., and W. Vassen, 2006, Europhys. Lett. 76, 409.
Lefers, J., N. Miller, D. Rupke, D. Tong, and M. Walhout, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 66, 012507.
Lemonde, P., 2009, Eur. Phys. J. - Special topics 172, 81.
Leo, P. J., V. Venturi, I. B. Whittingham, and J. F. Babb, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 64, 042710.
Leonard, J., A. P. Mosk, M. Walhout, P. van der Straten, M. Leduc, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 2004, Phys. Rev. A 69, 032702.
Leonard, J., M. Walhout, A. P. Mosk, T. Muller, M. Leduc, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 073203.
Lindquist, K., M. Stephens, and C. Wieman, 1992, Phys. Rev. A. 46, 4082.
Loudon, R., 2000, The Quantum Theory of Light, 3rd Ed. (Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Brittain).
Lu, W., M. D. Hoogerland, D. Milic, K. G. H. Baldwin, and S. J. Buckman, 2001, Review of Scienti c Instruments 72, 2558.
Luiten, O. J., M. W. Reynolds, and J. T. M. Walraven, 1996, Phys. Rev. A 53, 381.
Maddaloni, P., P. Cancio, and P. De Natale, 2009, Meas. Sci. Technol. 20, 052001.
Manning, A. G., S. S. Hodgman, R. G. Dall, M. T. Johnsson, and A. G. Truscott, 2010, Opt. Express 18, 18712.
Marani, R., L. Cognet, V. Savalli, N. Westbrook, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2000, Phys. Rev. A 61, 053402.
Marin, F., F. Minardi, F. S. Pavone, M. Inguscio, and G. W. F. Drake, 1995, Z. Phys. D: At., Mol. Clusters 32, 285.
Mastwijk, H. C., J. W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, and A. Niehaus, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5516.
McNamara, J. M., T. Jeltes, A. S. Tychkov, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 080404.
McNamara, J. M., R. J. W. Stas, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2007, Phys. Rev. A 75, 062715.
Metcalf, H., 1989, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 2206.
Metcalf, H. J., and P. van der Straten, 1999, Laser Cooling and Trapping (Springer, New York).
Mewes, M.-O., M. R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, D. M. Kurn, D. S. Durfee, and W. Ketterle, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 416.
Mewes, M.-O., M. R. Andrews, D. M. Kurn, D. S. Durfee, C. G. Townsend, and W. Ketterle, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 582.
Milic, D., M. D. Hoogerland, K. G. H. Baldwin, and S. J. Buckman, 2001, Appl. Opt. 40, 1907.
Minardi, F., G. Bianchini, P. Cancio Pastor, G. Giusfredi, F. Pavone, and M. Inguscio, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1112.
Moal, S., M. Portier, J. Kim, E. Arimondo, and M. Leduc, 2008, Europhys. Lett. 83, 23001.
Moal, S., M. Portier, J. Kim, J. Dugue, U. D. Rapol, M. Leduc, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 023203.
Mohr, P. J., B. N. Taylor, and D. B. Newell, 2008, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 633.
M lmer, K., A. Perrin, V. Krachmalnico , V. Leung, D. Boiron, A. Aspect, and C. I. Westbrook, 2008, Phys. Rev. A 77, 033601.
Moos, H. W., and J. R. Woodworth, 1973, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 775.
Morinaga, M., M. Yasuda, T. Kishimoto, F. Shimizu, J.-i. Fujita, and S. Matsui, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 802.
Morita, N., and M. Kumakura, 1991, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 30, L1678.
Morton, D., Q. Wu, and G. Drake, 2005, Can. J. Phys. 82, 835.
Morton, D., Q. Wu, and G. Drake, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 034502.
Morton, D. C., and G. Drake, 2011, Phys. Rev. A 83, 042503.
Mueller, P., I. A. Sulai, A. C. C. Villari, J. A. Alcntara-Nez, R. Alves-Cond, K. Bailey, G. W. F. Drake, M. Dubois, C. Elon, G. Gaubert, R. J. Holt, R. V. F. Janssens, et al., 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 252501.
Mueller, P., L. B. Wang, G. W. F. Drake, K. Bailey, Z. T. Lu, and T. P. OConner, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 133001.
Muller, M. W., A. Merz, M. W. Ruf, H. Hotop, W. Meyer, and M. Movre, 1991, Z. Phys. D 21, 89.
Naidon, P., and F. Masnou-Seeuws, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 043611.
Naraschewski, M., and R. J. Glauber, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 59, 4595.
Nguyen, S. V., S. C. Doret, C. B. Connolly, R. A. Michniak, W. Ketterle, and J. M. Doyle, 2005, Phys. Rev. A 72, 060703.
Norrie, A. A., R. J. Ballagh, and C. W. Gardiner, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 043617.
Nowak, S., A. Browaeys, J. Poupard, A. Robert, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2000, Appl. Phys. B 70, 455.
Oberst, H., Y. Tashiro, K. Shimizu, and F. Shimizu, 2005, Phys. Rev. A 71, 052901.
Opatrny, T., and G. Kurizki, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3180.
Orzel, C., S. D. Bergeson, S. Kulin, and S. L. Rolston, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5093.
Orzel, C., M. Walhout, U. Sterr, P. S. Julienne, and S. L. Rolston, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 59, 1926.
Ou, Z. Y., and L. Mandel, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 50.
Pachucki, K., and V. A. Yerokhin, 2009, Phys. Rev. A 79, 062516.
Pachucki, K., and V. A. Yerokhin, 2010, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 070403.
Palmer, A. J., M. Baker, and R. T. Sang, 2004, Rev. Sci. Instr. 75, 5056.
Partlow, M., X. Miao, J. Bochmann, M. Cashen, and H. Metcalf, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 213004.
Partridge, G. B., J.-C. Jaskula, M. Bonneau, D. Boiron, and C. I. Westbrook, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 81, 053631.
Pavone, F., F. Marin, P. De Natale, M. Inguscio, and F. Biraben, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 42.
Pereira Dos Santos, F., J. Leonard, J. Wang, C. J. Barrelet, F. Perales, E. Rasel, C. S. Unnikrishnan, M. Leduc, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 2001a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3459.
Pereira Dos Santos, F., F. Perales, J. Leonard, A. Sinatra, J. M. Wang, F. S. Pavone, E. Rasel, C. S. Unnikrishnan, and M. Leduc, 2001b, Eur. Phys. J. D 14, 15.
Perrin, A., 2007, Observation de paires d'atomes correles au travers de la collision de deux condensats de Bose-Einstein, Ph.D. thesis, Universite Paris et Marie Curie.
Perrin, A., H. Chang, V. Krachmalnico , M. Schellekens, D. Boiron, A. Aspect, and C. I. Westbrook, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 150405.
Perrin, A., C. M. Savage, D. Boiron, V. Krachmalnico , C. I. Westbrook, and K. Kheruntsyan, 2008, N. J. Phys. 10, 045021.
Pethick, C. J., and H. Smith, 2002, Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Great Britain).
Phillips, W. D., 1998, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 721.
Phillips, W. D., and H. Metcalf, 1982, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 596.
Pieksma, M., M. C zek, J. W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, and A. Niehaus, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 66, 022703.
Pieper, S. C., and R. B. Wiringa, 2001, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 51, 53.
Portier, M., S. Moal, J. Kim, M. Leduc, C. Cohen-Tannoudji, and O. Dulieu, 2006, J. Phys. B- At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39, S881.
Poupard, J., 2000, Mesure de deux caracteristiques de l'helium metastable importantes pour le refroidissement radiatif, Ph.D. thesis, Universite Paris-Sud.
Przybytek, M., 2008, Correlation, relativistic, and adiabatic e ects in the interaction of metastable helium atoms, Ph.D. thesis, University of Warsaw, Poland.
Przybytek, M., and B. Jeziorski, 2005, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 134315.
Pu, H., and P. Meystre, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3987.
Raab, E. L., M. Prentiss, A. Cable, S. Chu, and D. E. Pritchard, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2631.
Rarity, J. G., and P. R. Tapster, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2495.
Rasel, E., F. Pereira Dos Santos, F. Saverio Pavone, F. Perales, C. Unnikrishnan, and M. Leduc, 1999, Eur. Phys. J. D 7, 311.
Rasel, E. M., M. K. Oberthaler, H. Batelaan, J. Schmiedmayer, and A. Zeilinger, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2633.
Rauner, M., S. Kuppens, M. Schi er, G. Birkl, K. Sengstock, and W. Ertmer, 1998, Phys. Rev. A 58, R42.
Reid, M. D., P. D. Drummond, W. P. Bowen, E. G. Cavalcanti, P. K. Lam, H. A. Bachor, U. L. Andersen, and G. Leuchs, 2009, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1727.
Robert, A., 2001, Realisation d'un condensat de BoseEinstein d'Helium metastable, Ph.D. thesis, Universite Paris-Sud.
Robert, A., O. Sirjean, A. Browaeys, J. Poupard, S. Nowak, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2001, Science 292, 461.
Rom, T., T. Best, D. van Oosten, U. Schneider, S. Folling, B. Paredes, and I. Bloch, 2006, Nature 444, 733.
van Rooij, R., J. S. Borbely, J. Simonet, M. D. Hoogerland, K. S. E. Eikema, R. A. Rozendaal, and W. Vassen, 2011, Science 333, 196.
Rooijakkers, W., W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3348.
Rooijakkers, W., W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 1996, Opt. Commun. 123, 321.
Rooijakkers, W., W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 1997a, Phys. Rev. A 56, 3083.
Rooijakkers, W., W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 1997b, Opt. Commun. 135, 149.
Samson, J. A. R., and D. Ederer, 2000, Experimental methods in the physical sciences: Vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy ii.
Savage, C. M., P. E. Schwenn, and K. V. Kheruntsyan, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 74, 033620.
Schellekens, M., 2007, The Hanbury Brown and Twiss E ect for Cold Atoms, Ph.D. thesis, Universite Paris-Sud.
Schellekens, M., R. Hoppeler, A. Perrin, J. Viana Gomes, D. Boiron, A. Aspect, and C. I. Westbrook, 2005, Science 310, 648.
Schi er, M., M. Christ, G. Wokurka, and W. Ertmer, 1997, Opt. Comm. 134, 423.
Schmidt, P. O., S. Hensler, J. Werner, T. Binhammer, A. Gorlitz, T. Pfau, and A. Simoni, 2003, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 960.
Scholz, A., M. Christ, D. Doll, J. Ludwig, and W. Ertmer, 1994, Opt. Commun. 111, 155.
Schreck, F., L. Khaykovich, K. L. Corwin, G. Ferrari, T. Bourdel, J. Cubizolles, and C. Salomon, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 080403.
Schumann, R., C. Schubert, U. Eichmann, R. Jung, and G. von Oppen, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 59, 2120.
Schutz, J., T. Feldker, H. John, and G. Birkl, 2011, in preparation .
Scully, M. O., and M. S. Zubairy, 1997, Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).
Seidelin, S., J. V. Gomes, R. Hoppeler, O. Sirjean, D. Boiron, A. Aspect, and C. I. Westbrook, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 090409.
Seidelin, S., O. Sirjean, J. V. Gomes, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2003, J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 5, 112.
Shih, Y. H., and C. O. Alley, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2921.
Shimizu, F., 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 987.
Shimizu, F., and J. Fujita, 2002a, J. Phys. Soc. of Japan 71, 5.
Shimizu, F., and J.-i. Fujita, 2002b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 123201.
Shimizu, F., K. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1987, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 26, L1847.
Shimizu, F., K. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1989, Phys. Rev. A 39, 2758.
Shimizu, F., K. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1990, Chem. Phys. 145, 327.
Shimizu, F., K. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1991, Optics Lett. 16, 339.
Shimizu, F., K. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1992, Phys. Rev. A. 46, R17.
Shiner, D., R. Dixson, and V. Vedantham, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3553.
Shiner, D., R. Dixson, and P. Zhao, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 1802.
Shlyapnikov, G. V., J. T. M. Walraven, U. M. Rahmanov, and M. W. Reynolds, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3247.
Sick, I., 2008, Phys. Rev. C 77, 041302.
Sirjean, O., S. Seidelin, J. V. Gomes, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, A. Aspect, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, 2002, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 220406.
Siska, P., 1993, Rev. Mod. Phys. 65, 337.
Small-Warren, N. E., and L.-Y. C. Chiu, 1975, Phys. Rev. A 11, 1777.
Smiciklas, M., and D. Shiner, 2010, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 123001.
Soding, J., D. Guery-Odelin, P. Desbiolles, F. Chevy, H. Inamori, and J. Dalibard, 1999, App. Phys. B 69, 257.
Spoden, P., M. Zinner, N. Herschbach, W. J. van Drunen, W. Ertmer, and G. Birkl, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 223201.
van der Stam, K. M. R., R. Meppelink, J. M. Vogels, and P. van der Straten, 2007, Phys. Rev. A 75, 031602.
Stamper-Kurn, D. M., H.-J. Miesner, S. Inouye, M. R. Andrews, and W. Ketterle, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 500.
Starck, J., and W. Meyer, 1994, Chem. Phys. lett. 225, 229.
Stas, R. J. W., J. M. McNamara, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 053001.
Stas, R. J. W., J. M. McNamara, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 032713.
Stenger, J., S. Inouye, A. P. Chikkatur, D. M. Stamper-Kurn, D. E. Pritchard, and W. Ketterle, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4569.
Storry, C., M. C. George, and E. Hessels, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3274.
Stringari, S., and L. Pitaevskii, 2003, Bose-Einstein Condensation (Oxford University Press, London, Great Britain).
Sukenik, C. I., and H. C. Busch, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 66, 051402.
Suominen, K.-A., K. Burnett, P. S. Julienne, M. Walhout, U. Sterr, C. Orzel, M. Hoogerland, and S. L. Rolston, 1996, Phys. Rev. A. 53, 1678.
Swansson, J. A., K. G. H. Baldwin, M. D. Hoogerland, A. G. Truscott, and S. J. Buckman, 2004, Appl. Phys. B 79.
Swansson, J. A., R. G. Dall, and Truscott, 2006, Rev. Sci. Instr. 77, 046103.
Swansson, J. A., R. G. Dall, A. G. Truscott, and S. J. Buckman, 2007, Appl. Phys. B 86, 485.
Tachiev, G., and C. Froese Fischer, 2002, Method: MCHF (energy adjusted), http://nlte.nist.gov/MCHF/index.html.
Tang, H. Y. S., and W. Happer, 1972, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 17, 476.
Tempelaars, J., R. Stas, P. Sebel, H. Beijerinck, and E. Vredenbregt, 2002, Eur. Phys. J. D 18, 113.
Tol, P., 2005, Trapping and evaporative cooling of metastable helium, Ph.D. thesis, VU University, Amsterdam.
Tol, P. J. J., N. Herschbach, E. A. Hessels, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 60, R761.
Tol, P. J. J., W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2004, Phys. Rev. A 70, 013404.
Townsend, C. G., N. H. Edwards, C. J. Cooper, K. P. Zetie, C. J. Foot, A. M. Steane, P. Szriftgiser, H. Perrin, and J. Dalibard, 1995, Phys. Rev. A. 52, 1423.
Truscott, A., K. Strecker, W. McAlexander, G. Partridge, and R. Hulet, 2001, Science 291, 2570.
Tychkov, A., 2008, Bose-Einstein Condensation of Metastable Helium atoms, Ph.D. thesis, VU University, Amsterdam.
Tychkov, A. S., J. M. Jeltes, J. M. McNamara, P. J. J. Tol, N. Herschbach, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2006, Phys. Rev. A. 73, 031603(R).
Tychkov, A. S., J. C. J. Koelemeij, T. Jeltes, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2004, Phys. Rev. A 69, 055401.
Uhlmann, L., R. Dall, A. Truscott, M. Hoogerland, K. Baldwin, and S. Buckman, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 173201.
Van Dyck, R. S., C. E. Johnson, and H. A. Shugart, 1971, Phys. Rev. A 4, 1327.
Vansteenkiste, N., C. Gerz, R. Kaiser, L. Hollberg, C. Salomon, and A. Aspect, 1991, Journal de Physique II France 1, 1407.
Vassen, W., 1996, in OSA TOPS Volume 7: Ultracold Atoms and BEC, edited by K. Burnett (OSA, Washington, DC), pp. 20{25.
Vassen, W., T. Jeltes, J. McNamara, and A. Tychkov, 2007, in Ultracold Fermi Gases, Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi, Course CLXIV, edited by M. Inguscio, W. Ketterle, and C. Salomon (IOS Press, Amsterdam), pp. 817{834.
Venturi, V., and I. B. Whittingham, 2000, Phys. Rev. A 61, 060703.
Venturi, V., I. B. Whittingham, P. J. Leo, and G. Peach, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 60, 4635.
Vogels, J. M., K. Xu, and W. Ketterle, 2002, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 020401.
Walhout, M., H. J. L. Megens, A. Witte, and S. L. Rolston, 1993, Phys. Rev. A 48, R879.
Walhout, M., U. Sterr, C. Orzel, M. Hoogerland, and S. L. Rolston, 1995a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 506.
Walhout, M., U. Sterr, A. Witte, and S. L. Rolston, 1995b, Opt. Lett. 20, 1192.
Walhout, M., A. Witte, and S. L. Rolston, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2843.
Walker, T., D. Sesko, and C. Wieman, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 408.
Wang, L.-B., P. Mueller, K. Bailey, G. W. F. Drake, J. P. Greene, D. Henderson, R. J. Holt, R. V. F. Janssens, C. L. Jiang, Z.-T. Lu, T. P. O'Connor, R. C. Pardo, et al., 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 142501.
Weiner, J., V. S. Bagnato, Z. S., and P. S. Julienne, 1999, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1.
Westbrook, C. I., and D. Boiron, 2009, in Proceedings of Science, Quantum of Quasars Workshop, edited by C. Foellmi (Trieste International School of Advanced Studies), volume PoS(QQ09), p. 005.
Westbrook, C. I., A. Robert, O. Sirjean, A. Browaeys, J. Poupard, D. Boiron, and A. . Aspect, 2002, in Laser Spectroscopy, proceedings of the XV international conference, edited by S. Chu, V. Vuletic, A. Kerman, and C. Chin (World Scienti c, Singapore), p. 12.
Woestenenk, G., J. Thomsen, M. van Rijnbach, and P. van der Straten, 2001, Rev. Sci. Instr. 72, 3842.
Woodworth, J. R., and H. W. Moos, 1975, Phys. Rev. A 12, 2455.
Yan, Z.-C., and J. F. Babb, 1998, Phys. Rev. A 58(2), 1247.
Yasuda, M., and H. Katori, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 153004.
Yasuda, M., and F. Shimizu, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3090.
Yerokhin, V. A., and K. Pachucki, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 81, 022507.
Zelevinsky, T., D. Farkas, and G. Gabrielse, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203001.
Zhao, P., J. R. Lawall, and F. M. Pipkin, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 592.
Zin, P., J. Chwedenczuk, and M. Trippenbach, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 033602.
Zin, P., J. Chwedenczuk, A. Veitia, K. Rzazewski, and M. Trippenbach, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 200401.
Zin, P., A. Dragan, S. Charzynski, N. Herschbach, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2003, J. Phys. B 36, L149.
Zinner, M., P. Spoden, T. Kraemer, G. Birkl, and W. Ertmer, 2003, Phys. Rev. A. 67, 010501.
van der Zwan, E., D. van Oosten, D. Nehari, P. van der Straten, and H. Stoof, 2006, J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39, S825.
Since the observation of BEC, the ability to coherently outcouple atoms to form a coherent beam of matter waves, or \atom laser" (Mewes et al., 1997) has attracted much attention, in part because of its potential applications in atom interferometry. Coherent matter wave optics is reviewed in Bongs and Sengstock (2004).
1. Measurement of ionizing collisions in a MOT Since the observation of BEC, the ability to coherently outcouple atoms to form a coherent beam of matter waves, or \atom laser" (Mewes et al., 1997) has attracted much attention, in part because of its potential applications in atom interferometry. Coherent matter wave optics is reviewed in Bongs and Sengstock (2004).
>From a fundamental perspective, atom lasers can be used to study atom-atom interactions (Doring et al., 2008) as well as coherent properties (Bloch et al., 2000) of matter waves. Atomic scattering is responsible for non-linearities in atom laser formation, which can generAltman, E., E. Demler, and M. D. Lukin, 2004, Phys. Rev. A 70, 013603.
Amroun, A., V. Breton, J.-M. Cavedon, B. Frois, D. Goutte, F. P. Juster, P. Leconte, J. Martino, Y. Mizuno, X.-H. Phan, S. K. Platchkov, I. Sick, et al., 1994, Nucl. Phys. A 579, 596.
Anderson, M. H., J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, 1995, Science 269, 198.
Aspect, A., E. Arimondo, R. Kaiser, N. Vansteenkiste, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 826.
Aspect, A., N. Vansteenkiste, R. Kaiser, H. Haberland, and M. Karrais, 1990, Chemical Physics 145, 307.
Baldwin, K., 2005, Cont. Phys. 46, 105.
Band, Y. B., M. Trippenbach, J. P. Burke, and P. S. Julienne, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5462.
Bardou, F., J. P. Bouchaud, A. Aspect, and C. CohenTannoudji, 2002, Levy statistics and laser cooling. How rare events bring atoms to rest (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
Bardou, F., O. Emile, J.-M. Courty, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 1992, Europhys. Lett. 20, 681.
Barrett, M. D., J. A. Sauer, and M. S. Chapman, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 010404.
Baym, G., 1998, Act. Phys. Pol. B 29, 1839.
Beams, T. J., G. Peach, and I. B. Whittingham, 2004, J. Phys. B 37, 4561.
Beams, T. J., I. B. Whittingham, and G. Peach, 2007, Phys. Rev. A 76, 062707.
Blaum, K., W. Geithner, J. Lassen, P. Lievens, K. Marinova, and R. Neugart, 2008, Nucl. Phys. A 799, 30.
Bloch, I., 2005, Nature Physics 1, 23.
Bloch, I., J. Dalibard, and W. Zwerger, 2008, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 885.
Bloch, I., T. W. Hansch, and T. Esslinger, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3008.
Bloch, I., T. W. Hansch, and T. Esslinger, 2000, Nature 403, 166.
Bongs, K., and K. Sengstock, 2004, Rep. Prog. Phys. 67, 907.
Borbely, J. S., M. C. George, L. D. Lombardi, M. Weel, D. W. Fitzakerley, and E. A. Hessels, 2009, Phys. Rev. A 79, 060503.
Borie, E., and G. A. Rinker, 1978, Phys. Rev. A 18, 324.
Bouchendira, R., P. Clade, S. Guellati-Khelifa, F. Nez, and F. Biraben, 2011, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 080801.
Bourdel, T., L. Khaykovich, J. Cubizolles, J. Zhang, F. Chevy, M. Teichmann, L. Tarruell, S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans, and C. Salomon, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 050401.
Bradley, C. C., C. A. Sackett, J. J. Tollett, and R. G. Hulet, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1687.
Browaeys, A., J. Poupard, A. Robert, S. Nowak, W. Rooijakkers, E. Arimondo, L. Marcassa, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2000, Eur. Phys. J. D 8, 199.
Browaeys, A., A. Robert, O. Sirjean, J. Poupard, S. Nowak, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 64, 034703.
Buchmann, L. F., G. M. Nikolopoulos, O. Zobay, and P. Lambropoulos, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 81, 031606.
Bucker, R., J. Grond, S. Manz, T. Berrada, T. Betz, C. Koller, U. Hohenester, T. Schumm, A. Perrin, and J. Schmiedmayer, 2011, arXiv:1210.2348.
Burnham, D. C., and D. L. Weinberg, 1970, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 84.
Burt, E. A., R. W. Ghrist, C. J. Myatt, M. J. Holland, E. A. Cornell, and C. E. Wieman, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 337.
Busch, H. C., M. K. Sha er, E. M. Ahmed, and C. I. Sukenik, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 023406.
Busch, T., M. Kohl, T. Esslinger, and K. M lmer, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 65, 043615.
Byron, L. J., R. G. Dall, W. Rugway, and A. G. Truscott, 2010a, New J. Phys. 12, 013004.
Byron, L. J., R. G. Dall, and A. G. Truscott, 2010b, Phys. Rev. A 81, 013405.
Campbell, G. K., J. Mun, M. Boyd, E. W. Streed, W. Ketterle, and D. E. Pritchard, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 020406.
Cancio Pastor, P., G. Giusfredi, P. De Natale, G. Hagel, C. de Mauro, and M. Inguscio, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 023001.
Cancio Pastor, P., G. Giusfredi, P. De Natale, G. Hagel, C. de Mauro, and M. Inguscio, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 139903.
Cannon, B., and G. Janik, 1990, Phys. Rev. A 42, 397.
Carnal, O., and J. Mlynek, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2689.
Carr, L. D., D. DeMille, R. V. Krems, and J. Ye, 2009, N. J. Phys. 11, 055049.
Cashen, M., and H. Metcalf, 2003, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 915.
Cashen, M. T., and H. Metcalf, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 63, 025406.
Casimir, H. B. G., and D. Polder, 1948, Phys. Rev. 73, 360.
Castillega, J., D. Livingston, A. Sanders, and D. Shiner, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4321.
Chen, C. Y., K. Bailey, Y. M. Li, T. P. O'Connor, Z.-T. Lu, X. Du, L. Young, and G. Winkler, 2001, Rev. Sci. Instr. 72, 271.
Chin, C., R. Grimm, P. Julienne, and E. Tiesinga, 2010, Rev. Mod. Phys 82, 1225.
Chu, S., 1998, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 685.
Chu, S., 2002, Nature 416, 206.
Chwedenczuk, J., P. Zin, M. Trippenbach, A. Perrin, V. Leung, D. Boiron, and C. I. Westbrook, 2008, Phys. Rev. A 78, 053605.
Cocks, D. G., and I. B. Whittingham, 2009, Phys. Rev. A 80, 023417.
Cocks, D. G., and I. B. Whittingham, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 81, 033406.
Cocks, D. G., I. B. Whittingham, and G. Peach, 2010, J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43, 135002.
Cohen-Tannoudji, C. N., 1998, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 707.
Consolino, L., G. Giusfredi, P. De Natale, M. Inguscio, and P. Cancio, 2011, Opt. Express 19, 3155.
Cornell, E. A., and C. E. Wieman, 2002, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 875.
Couvert, A., M. Jeppesen, T. Kawalec, G. Reinaudi, R. Mathevet, and D. Guery-Odelin, 2008, EPL 83, 50001.
Cronin, A. D., J. Schmiedmayer, and D. E. Pritchard, 2009, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1051.
Dalfovo, F., S. Giorgini, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, 1999, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 463.
Dalibard, J., and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 1985, J.Opt.Soc.Am. B 11, 1707.
Dall, R., S. Hodgman, A. Manning, M. Johnsson, K. Baldwin, and A. Truscott, 2011, Nature Comm. 2, 291.
Dall, R., and A. Truscott, 2007, Opt. Commun. 270, 255.
Dall, R. G., K. G. H. Baldwin, L. J. Byron, and A. G. Truscott, 2008a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 023001.
Dall, R. G., L. J. Byron, A. G. Truscott, G. R. Dennis, M. T. Johnsson, and J. J. Hope, 2009, Phys. Rev. A 79, 011601.
Dall, R. G., L. J. Byron, A. G. Truscott, G. R. Dennis, M. T. Johnsson, M. Jeppesen, and J. J. Hope, 2007, Opt. Express 15, 17673.
Dall, R. G., C. J. Dedman, and A. G. Truscott, 2008b, Opt. Express 16, 14716.
Dall, R. G., S. S. Hodgman, M. T. Johnsson, K. G. H. Baldwin, and A. G. Truscott, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 81, 011602.
Davis, K. B., M. O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, D. S. Durfee, D. M. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3969.
Dedman, C. J., J. Nes, T. Hanna, R. Dall, K. Baldwin, and A. G. Truscott, 2004, Rev. Sci. Instr. 75, 5136.
DeMarco, B., and D. Jin, 1999, Science 285, 1703.
Deng, L., E. Hagley, J. Wen, M. Trippenbach, Y. Band, P. Julienne, J. Simsarian, K. Helmerson, S. Rolston, and W. Phillips, 1999, Nature 398, 218.
Derevianko, A., and W. R. Johnson, 1997, Phys. Rev. A 56, 1288.
Derevianko, A., and H. Katori, 2011, Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 331.
Deuar, P., and P. D. Drummond, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 120402.
Dickinson, A. S., F. X. Gadea, and T. Leininger, 2004, J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 587.
D'Incao, J. P., and B. D. Esry, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 030703.
Doery, M. R., E. J. D. Vredenbregt, S. S. Op de Beek, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and B. J. Verhaar, 1998, Phys. Rev. A. 58, 3673.
Doret, S. C., C. B. Connolly, W. Ketterle, and J. M. Doyle, 2009, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 103005.
Doring, D., N. P. Robins, C. Figl, and J. D. Close, 2008, Opt. Express 16, 13893.
Dorrer, C., F. Nez, B. de Beauvoir, L. Julien, and F. Biraben, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3658.
Dowling, J. P., 1998, Phys. Rev. A 57, 4736.
Doyle, J. M., B. Friedrich, J. Kim, and D. Patterson, 1995, Phys. Rev. A 52, R2515.
Drake, G., 1969, Astron. J. 158, 1199.
Drake, G. W. F., 1971, Phys. Rev. A 3, 908.
Drake, G. W. F., 2002, Can. J. Phys. 80, 1195.
Drever, R. W. P., J. L. Hall, F. Kowalski, G. Hough, J. andFord, A. Munley, and H. Ward, 1983, Appl. Phys. B 31, 97.
van Drunen, W. J., 2008, Collisional interactions between metastable neon atoms, Ph.D. thesis, Technische Universitat Darmstadt.
van Drunen, W. J., N. Herschbach, J. Schutz, and G. Birkl, 2011, Trapping and collisional properties of neon atoms in the 3P0 state, in preparation.
Duan, L.-M., A. S rensen, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3991.
Eyler, E., D. Chieda, M. Stowe, M. Thorpe, T. Schibli, and J. Ye, 2008, Eur. Phys. J. D 48, 43.
Faulstich, A., A. Schnetz, M. Sigel, T. Sleator, O. Carnal, V. Balykin, H. Takuma, and J. Mlynek, 1992, Europhysics. Lett. 17, 393.
Fedichev, P. O., M. W. Reynolds, U. M. Rahmanov, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, 1996a, Phys. Rev. A. 53, 1447.
Fedichev, P. O., M. W. Reynolds, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, 1996b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2921.
Feldker, T., J. Schutz, H. John, and G. Birkl, 2011, Eur. Phys. J. D 65, 257.
Ferlaino, G. R., F., 2010, Physics 3, 9.
Folling, S., F. Gerbier, A. Widera, O. Mandel, T. Gerike, and I. Bloch, 2005, Nature 434, 481.
Frieze, W., E. Hinds, V. Hughes, and F. Pichanick, 1981, Phys. Rev. A 24, 279.
Fujita, J., S. Mitake, and F. Shimizu, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4027.
Gallagher, A., and D. E. Pritchard, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 957.
Gardiner, C. W., P. Zoller, R. J. Ballagh, and M. J. Davis, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1793.
Gattobigio, G. L., A. Couvert, M. Jeppesen, R. Mathevet, and D. Guery-Odelin, 2009, Phys. Rev. A 80, 041605.
Gay, T. J., 1996, Sources of Metastable Atoms and Molecules (Academic Press), volume 29B of Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics: Atoms and Molecules, pp. 95{114.
Gemelke, N., E. Sarajlic, Y. Bidel, S. Hong, and S. Chu, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 170404.
George, M. C., L. Lombardi, and E. Hessels, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 173002.
Gerginov, V., K. Calkins, C. Tanner, J. McFerran, S. Diddams, A. Bartels, and L. Holberg, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 032504.
Giovannetti, V., S. Lloyd, and L. Maccone, 2004, Science 306, 1330.
Giovannetti, V., S. Lloyd, and L. Maccone, 2011, arXiv:1102.2318v1.
Giusfredi, G., P. De Natale, D. Mazzotti, P. Cancio Pastor, C. de Mauro, L. Fallani, G. Hagel, V. Krachmalnico , and M. Inguscio, 2005, Can. J. Phys. 83, 301.
Glauber, R. J., 1963, Phys. Rev. 130, 2529.
Glauber, R. J., 1965, in Quantum Optics and Electronics, edited by C. de Witt, A. Blandin, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji (Gordon and Breach, New York).
Glauber, R. J., 2006, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 1267.
Gomes, J. V., A. Perrin, M. Schellekens, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and M. Belsley, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 74, 053607.
Goosen, M. R., T. G. Tiecke, W. Vassen, and S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 82, 042713.
Greiner, M., O. Mandel, T. Esslinger, T. W. Hansch, and I. Bloch, 2002, Nature 415, 39.
Greiner, M., C. A. Regal, and D. S. Jin, 2003, Nature 426, 537.
Greiner, M., C. A. Regal, J. T. Stewart, and D. S. Jin, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 110401.
Gri n, A., W.-C. Wu, and S. Stringari, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1838.
Grimm, R., M. Weidemuller, and Y. B. Ovchinnikov, 2000, Molecular and Optical Physics 42, 95.
Grondalski, J., P. M. Alsing, and I. H. Deutsch, 1999, Optics Express. 5, 249.
Guerin, W., J.-F. Riou, J. P. Gaebler, V. Josse, P. Bouyer, and A. Aspect, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 200402.
Guery-Odelin, D., F. Zambelli, J. Dalibard, and S. Stringari, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 60, 4851.
Hack, J., L. Liu, M. Olshanii, and H. Metcalf, 2000, Phys. Rev. A 62, 013405.
Halliwell, X. W., H. Friedrich, S. T. Gibson, and K. G. H. Baldwin, 2003, Opt. Comm. 224, 89.
Hanbury Brown, R., and R. Q. Twiss, 1956, Nature 177, 27.
Hanneke, D., S. Fogwell, and G. Gabrielse, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 120801.
Harada, Y., S. Masuda, and H. Ozaki, 1997, Chem. Rev. 97, 1897.
Heidmann, A., R. J. Horowicz, S. Reynaud, E. Giacobino, C. Fabre, and G. Camy, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2555.
Herschbach, N., 2003, Trapped triplet helium atoms: inelastic collisions and evaporative cooling, Ph.D. thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Herschbach, N., P. Tol, A. Tychkov, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2003, J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 5, 65.
Herschbach, N., P. J. J. Tol, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2000a, Phys. Rev. A. 61, 050702(R).
Herschbach, N., P. J. J. Tol, W. Vassen, W. Hogervorst, G. Woestenenk, J. W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, and A. Niehaus, 2000b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1874.
Hess, H. F., 1986, Physical Review B 34, 3476.
Hill, J. C., L. L. Hat eld, N. D. Stockwell, and G. K. Walters, 1972, Phys. Rev. A 5(1), 189.
Hilligs e, K. M., and K. M lmer, 2005, Phys. Rev. A 71, 041602.
Hodgman, S. S., R. G. Dall, K. G. H. Baldwin, and A. G. Truscott, 2009a, Phys. Rev. A 80, 044501.
Hodgman, S. S., R. G. Dall, L. J. Byron, K. G. H. Baldwin, S. J. Buckman, and A. G. Truscott, 2009b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 053002.
Hodgman, S. S., R. G. Dall, A. G. Manning, K. G. H. Baldwin, and A. G. Truscott, 2011, Science 331, 1046.
Hong, C. K., Z. Y. Ou, and L. Mandel, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59(18), 2044.
Hoogerland, M. D., J. P. J. Driessen, E. J. D. Vredenbregt, H. J. L. Megens, M. P. Schuwer, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and K. A. H. van Leeuwen, 1996a, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics 62, 323.
Hoogerland, M. D., D. Milic, W. Lu, H.-A. Bachor, K. G. H. Baldwin, and S. J. Buckman, 1996b, Australian Journal of Physics 49, 567.
Hotop, H., 1996, Detection of Metastable Atoms and Molecules (Academic Press), volume 29B of Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics: Atoms and Molecules, pp. 191{215.
Hughes, V. W., 1969, Comm. At. Mol. Phys. 1, 5.
Indelicato, P., J. Desclaux, and Y.-K. Kim, 1994, unpublished, cited in Walhout, M. et al., PRL 72, 2843 (1994).
Jagutzki, O., V. Mergel, K. Ullmann-P eger, L. Spielberger, U. Spillmann, R. Dorner, and H. Schmidt-Boking, 2002, Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. A 477, 244.
Jaskula, J.-C., M. Bonneau, G. B. Partridge, V. Krachmalnico , P. Deuar, K. V. Kheruntsyan, A. Aspect, D. Boiron, and C. I. Westbrook, 2010, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 190402.
Jeltes, T., J. M. McNamara, W. Hogervorst, W. Vassen, V. Krachmalnico , M. Schellekens, A. Perrin, H. Chang, D. Boiron, A. Aspect, and C. I. Westbrook, 2007, Nature 445, 402.
Jessen, P. S., and I. H. Deutsch, 1996, Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 95.
Jochim, S., M. Bartenstein, A. Altmeyer, G. Hendl, S. Riedl, C. Chin, J. H. Denschlag, and R. Grimm, 2003, Science 302, 2101.
Johnson, W., and J. Plante, D.R.and Sapirstein, 1995, Adv. At., Mol., Opt. Phys. 35, 255.
Jones, K. M., E. Tiesinga, P. D. Lett, and P. S. Julienne, 2006, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 483.
Julienne, P. S., and F. H. Mies, 1989, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 2257.
Jung, R., S. Gerlach, R. Schumann, G. von Oppen, and U. Eichmann, 2003, Eur. Phys. J. D 23, 415.
Kagan, Y., B. V. Svistunov, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, 1985, JETP Lett. 42, 209.
Katori, H., H. Kunugita, and T. Ido, 1995, Phys. Rev. A. 52, 4324.
Katori, H., and F. Shimizu, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3545.
Katori, H., and F. Shimizu, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2555.
Kawanaka, J., M. Hagiuda, K. Shimizu, F. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1993, Appl. Phys. B 56, 21.
Ketterle, W., 2002, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 1131.
Ketterle, W., and N. J. van Druten, 1996, Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 37, 181.
Ketterle, W., D. Durfee, and D. Stamper-Kurn, 1999, in BoseEinstein Condensation in Atomic Gases, Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi, Course CXL, edited by M. Inguscio, S. Stringari, and C. E. Wieman (IOS Press, Amsterdam), pp. 67{176.
Kheruntsyan, K. V., and P. D. Drummond, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 66, 031602.
Killian, T., and S. Rolston, 2010, Physics Today 63, 46.
Kim, J., U. Rapol, S. Moal, J. Leonard, M. Walhout, and M. Leduc, 2004, Eur. Phys. J. D 31, 227.
Klein, A., B. Brown, U. Georg, M. Keim, P. Lievens, R. Neugart, M. Neuroth, R. Silverans, and L. Vermeeren, 1996, Nucl. Phys. A 607, 1.
Knoop, S., 2011, private communication.
Knoop, S., F. Ferlaino, M. Mark, M. Berninger, H. Schobel, H.-C. Nagerl, and R. Grimm, 2009, Nature Physics 5, 227.
Koelemeij, J. C. J., and M. Leduc, 2004, Eur. Phys. J. D 31, 263.
Koelemeij, J. C. J., R. J. W. Stas, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2003, Phys. Rev. A. 67, 053406.
Koelemeij, J. C. J., A. S. Tychkov, T. Jeltes, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2004, J. Phys. B- At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 3501.
Kohler, T., K. Goral, and P. S. Julienne, 2006, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 1311.
Koolen, A. E. A., G. T. Jansen, K. F. E. M. Domen, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and K. A. H. van Leeuwen, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 65, 041601.
Krachmalnico , V., 2009, Two experiments on quantum correlations in gases of metastable helium: fermion antibunching and a study of boson pair correlations in the collision of two condensates, Ph.D. thesis, Universite de Paris-Sud.
Krachmalnico , V., J.-C. Jaskula, M. Bonneau, V. Leung, G. B. Partridge, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, P. Deuar, P. Zin, M. Trippenbach, and K. V. Kheruntsyan, 2010, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 150402.
Kraemer, T., M. Mark, P. Waldburger, J. G. Danzl, C. Chin, B. Engeser, A. D. Lange, K. Pilch, A. Jaakkola, H. C. Nagerl, and R. Grimm, 2006, Nature 440, 315.
Kumakura, M., and N. Morita, 1992, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 31, L276.
Kumakura, M., and N. Morita, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2848.
Kunugita, H., T. Ido, and F. Shimizu, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 621.
Kuppens, S. J. M., J. G. C. Tempelaars, V. P. Mogendor , B. J. Claessens, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and E. J. D. Vredenbregt, 2002, Phys. Rev. A. 65, 023410.
Labeyrie, G., A. Browaeys, W. Rooijakkers, D. Voelker, J. Grosperrin, B. Wanner, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 1999, Eur. Phys. J. D 7, 341.
Lach, G., and K. Pachucki, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 64, 042510.
Lapington, J., 2004, Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. A 525, 361.
Lawall, J., F. Bardou, B. Saubamea, K. Shimizu, M. Leduc, A. Aspect, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1915.
Lawall, J., S. Kulin, B. Saubamea, N. Bigelow, M. Leduc, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4194.
Lawall, J., C. Orzel, and S. L. Rolston, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 480.
Lawall, J., and M. Prentiss, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 993.
Leduc, M., J. Leonard, F. dos Santos, E. Jahier, S. Schwartz, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 2002, Act. Phys. Pol. B 33, 2213.
van Leeuwen, K. A. H., and W. Vassen, 2006, Europhys. Lett. 76, 409.
Lefers, J., N. Miller, D. Rupke, D. Tong, and M. Walhout, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 66, 012507.
Lemonde, P., 2009, Eur. Phys. J. - Special topics 172, 81.
Leo, P. J., V. Venturi, I. B. Whittingham, and J. F. Babb, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 64, 042710.
Leonard, J., A. P. Mosk, M. Walhout, P. van der Straten, M. Leduc, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 2004, Phys. Rev. A 69, 032702.
Leonard, J., M. Walhout, A. P. Mosk, T. Muller, M. Leduc, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 073203.
Lindquist, K., M. Stephens, and C. Wieman, 1992, Phys. Rev. A. 46, 4082.
Loudon, R., 2000, The Quantum Theory of Light, 3rd Ed. (Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Brittain).
Lu, W., M. D. Hoogerland, D. Milic, K. G. H. Baldwin, and S. J. Buckman, 2001, Review of Scienti c Instruments 72, 2558.
Luiten, O. J., M. W. Reynolds, and J. T. M. Walraven, 1996, Phys. Rev. A 53, 381.
Maddaloni, P., P. Cancio, and P. De Natale, 2009, Meas. Sci. Technol. 20, 052001.
Manning, A. G., S. S. Hodgman, R. G. Dall, M. T. Johnsson, and A. G. Truscott, 2010, Opt. Express 18, 18712.
Marani, R., L. Cognet, V. Savalli, N. Westbrook, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2000, Phys. Rev. A 61, 053402.
Marin, F., F. Minardi, F. S. Pavone, M. Inguscio, and G. W. F. Drake, 1995, Z. Phys. D: At., Mol. Clusters 32, 285.
Mastwijk, H. C., J. W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, and A. Niehaus, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5516.
McNamara, J. M., T. Jeltes, A. S. Tychkov, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 080404.
McNamara, J. M., R. J. W. Stas, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2007, Phys. Rev. A 75, 062715.
Metcalf, H., 1989, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 2206.
Metcalf, H. J., and P. van der Straten, 1999, Laser Cooling and Trapping (Springer, New York).
Mewes, M.-O., M. R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, D. M. Kurn, D. S. Durfee, and W. Ketterle, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 416.
Mewes, M.-O., M. R. Andrews, D. M. Kurn, D. S. Durfee, C. G. Townsend, and W. Ketterle, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 582.
Milic, D., M. D. Hoogerland, K. G. H. Baldwin, and S. J. Buckman, 2001, Appl. Opt. 40, 1907.
Minardi, F., G. Bianchini, P. Cancio Pastor, G. Giusfredi, F. Pavone, and M. Inguscio, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1112.
Moal, S., M. Portier, J. Kim, E. Arimondo, and M. Leduc, 2008, Europhys. Lett. 83, 23001.
Moal, S., M. Portier, J. Kim, J. Dugue, U. D. Rapol, M. Leduc, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 023203.
Mohr, P. J., B. N. Taylor, and D. B. Newell, 2008, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 633.
M lmer, K., A. Perrin, V. Krachmalnico , V. Leung, D. Boiron, A. Aspect, and C. I. Westbrook, 2008, Phys. Rev. A 77, 033601.
Moos, H. W., and J. R. Woodworth, 1973, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 775.
Morinaga, M., M. Yasuda, T. Kishimoto, F. Shimizu, J.-i. Fujita, and S. Matsui, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 802.
Morita, N., and M. Kumakura, 1991, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 30, L1678.
Morton, D., Q. Wu, and G. Drake, 2005, Can. J. Phys. 82, 835.
Morton, D., Q. Wu, and G. Drake, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 034502.
Morton, D. C., and G. Drake, 2011, Phys. Rev. A 83, 042503.
Mueller, P., I. A. Sulai, A. C. C. Villari, J. A. Alcntara-Nez, R. Alves-Cond, K. Bailey, G. W. F. Drake, M. Dubois, C. Elon, G. Gaubert, R. J. Holt, R. V. F. Janssens, et al., 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 252501.
Mueller, P., L. B. Wang, G. W. F. Drake, K. Bailey, Z. T. Lu, and T. P. OConner, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 133001.
Muller, M. W., A. Merz, M. W. Ruf, H. Hotop, W. Meyer, and M. Movre, 1991, Z. Phys. D 21, 89.
Naidon, P., and F. Masnou-Seeuws, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 043611.
Naraschewski, M., and R. J. Glauber, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 59, 4595.
Nguyen, S. V., S. C. Doret, C. B. Connolly, R. A. Michniak, W. Ketterle, and J. M. Doyle, 2005, Phys. Rev. A 72, 060703.
Norrie, A. A., R. J. Ballagh, and C. W. Gardiner, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 043617.
Nowak, S., A. Browaeys, J. Poupard, A. Robert, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2000, Appl. Phys. B 70, 455.
Oberst, H., Y. Tashiro, K. Shimizu, and F. Shimizu, 2005, Phys. Rev. A 71, 052901.
Opatrny, T., and G. Kurizki, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3180.
Orzel, C., S. D. Bergeson, S. Kulin, and S. L. Rolston, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5093.
Orzel, C., M. Walhout, U. Sterr, P. S. Julienne, and S. L. Rolston, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 59, 1926.
Ou, Z. Y., and L. Mandel, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 50.
Pachucki, K., and V. A. Yerokhin, 2009, Phys. Rev. A 79, 062516.
Pachucki, K., and V. A. Yerokhin, 2010, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 070403.
Palmer, A. J., M. Baker, and R. T. Sang, 2004, Rev. Sci. Instr. 75, 5056.
Partlow, M., X. Miao, J. Bochmann, M. Cashen, and H. Metcalf, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 213004.
Partridge, G. B., J.-C. Jaskula, M. Bonneau, D. Boiron, and C. I. Westbrook, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 81, 053631.
Pavone, F., F. Marin, P. De Natale, M. Inguscio, and F. Biraben, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 42.
Pereira Dos Santos, F., J. Leonard, J. Wang, C. J. Barrelet, F. Perales, E. Rasel, C. S. Unnikrishnan, M. Leduc, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 2001a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3459.
Pereira Dos Santos, F., F. Perales, J. Leonard, A. Sinatra, J. M. Wang, F. S. Pavone, E. Rasel, C. S. Unnikrishnan, and M. Leduc, 2001b, Eur. Phys. J. D 14, 15.
Perrin, A., 2007, Observation de paires d'atomes correles au travers de la collision de deux condensats de Bose-Einstein, Ph.D. thesis, Universite Paris et Marie Curie.
Perrin, A., H. Chang, V. Krachmalnico , M. Schellekens, D. Boiron, A. Aspect, and C. I. Westbrook, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 150405.
Perrin, A., C. M. Savage, D. Boiron, V. Krachmalnico , C. I. Westbrook, and K. Kheruntsyan, 2008, N. J. Phys. 10, 045021.
Pethick, C. J., and H. Smith, 2002, Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Great Britain).
Phillips, W. D., 1998, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 721.
Phillips, W. D., and H. Metcalf, 1982, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 596.
Pieksma, M., M. C zek, J. W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, and A. Niehaus, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 66, 022703.
Pieper, S. C., and R. B. Wiringa, 2001, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 51, 53.
Portier, M., S. Moal, J. Kim, M. Leduc, C. Cohen-Tannoudji, and O. Dulieu, 2006, J. Phys. B- At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39, S881.
Poupard, J., 2000, Mesure de deux caracteristiques de l'helium metastable importantes pour le refroidissement radiatif, Ph.D. thesis, Universite Paris-Sud.
Przybytek, M., 2008, Correlation, relativistic, and adiabatic e ects in the interaction of metastable helium atoms, Ph.D. thesis, University of Warsaw, Poland.
Przybytek, M., and B. Jeziorski, 2005, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 134315.
Pu, H., and P. Meystre, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3987.
Raab, E. L., M. Prentiss, A. Cable, S. Chu, and D. E. Pritchard, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2631.
Rarity, J. G., and P. R. Tapster, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2495.
Rasel, E., F. Pereira Dos Santos, F. Saverio Pavone, F. Perales, C. Unnikrishnan, and M. Leduc, 1999, Eur. Phys. J. D 7, 311.
Rasel, E. M., M. K. Oberthaler, H. Batelaan, J. Schmiedmayer, and A. Zeilinger, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2633.
Rauner, M., S. Kuppens, M. Schi er, G. Birkl, K. Sengstock, and W. Ertmer, 1998, Phys. Rev. A 58, R42.
Reid, M. D., P. D. Drummond, W. P. Bowen, E. G. Cavalcanti, P. K. Lam, H. A. Bachor, U. L. Andersen, and G. Leuchs, 2009, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1727.
Robert, A., 2001, Realisation d'un condensat de BoseEinstein d'Helium metastable, Ph.D. thesis, Universite Paris-Sud.
Robert, A., O. Sirjean, A. Browaeys, J. Poupard, S. Nowak, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2001, Science 292, 461.
Rom, T., T. Best, D. van Oosten, U. Schneider, S. Folling, B. Paredes, and I. Bloch, 2006, Nature 444, 733.
van Rooij, R., J. S. Borbely, J. Simonet, M. D. Hoogerland, K. S. E. Eikema, R. A. Rozendaal, and W. Vassen, 2011, Science 333, 196.
Rooijakkers, W., W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3348.
Rooijakkers, W., W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 1996, Opt. Commun. 123, 321.
Rooijakkers, W., W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 1997a, Phys. Rev. A 56, 3083.
Rooijakkers, W., W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 1997b, Opt. Commun. 135, 149.
Samson, J. A. R., and D. Ederer, 2000, Experimental methods in the physical sciences: Vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy ii.
Savage, C. M., P. E. Schwenn, and K. V. Kheruntsyan, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 74, 033620.
Schellekens, M., 2007, The Hanbury Brown and Twiss E ect for Cold Atoms, Ph.D. thesis, Universite Paris-Sud.
Schellekens, M., R. Hoppeler, A. Perrin, J. Viana Gomes, D. Boiron, A. Aspect, and C. I. Westbrook, 2005, Science 310, 648.
Schi er, M., M. Christ, G. Wokurka, and W. Ertmer, 1997, Opt. Comm. 134, 423.
Schmidt, P. O., S. Hensler, J. Werner, T. Binhammer, A. Gorlitz, T. Pfau, and A. Simoni, 2003, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 960.
Scholz, A., M. Christ, D. Doll, J. Ludwig, and W. Ertmer, 1994, Opt. Commun. 111, 155.
Schreck, F., L. Khaykovich, K. L. Corwin, G. Ferrari, T. Bourdel, J. Cubizolles, and C. Salomon, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 080403.
Schumann, R., C. Schubert, U. Eichmann, R. Jung, and G. von Oppen, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 59, 2120.
Schutz, J., T. Feldker, H. John, and G. Birkl, 2011, in preparation .
Scully, M. O., and M. S. Zubairy, 1997, Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).
Seidelin, S., J. V. Gomes, R. Hoppeler, O. Sirjean, D. Boiron, A. Aspect, and C. I. Westbrook, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 090409.
Seidelin, S., O. Sirjean, J. V. Gomes, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, 2003, J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 5, 112.
Shih, Y. H., and C. O. Alley, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2921.
Shimizu, F., 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 987.
Shimizu, F., and J. Fujita, 2002a, J. Phys. Soc. of Japan 71, 5.
Shimizu, F., and J.-i. Fujita, 2002b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 123201.
Shimizu, F., K. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1987, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 26, L1847.
Shimizu, F., K. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1989, Phys. Rev. A 39, 2758.
Shimizu, F., K. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1990, Chem. Phys. 145, 327.
Shimizu, F., K. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1991, Optics Lett. 16, 339.
Shimizu, F., K. Shimizu, and H. Takuma, 1992, Phys. Rev. A. 46, R17.
Shiner, D., R. Dixson, and V. Vedantham, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3553.
Shiner, D., R. Dixson, and P. Zhao, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 1802.
Shlyapnikov, G. V., J. T. M. Walraven, U. M. Rahmanov, and M. W. Reynolds, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3247.
Sick, I., 2008, Phys. Rev. C 77, 041302.
Sirjean, O., S. Seidelin, J. V. Gomes, D. Boiron, C. I. Westbrook, A. Aspect, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, 2002, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 220406.
Siska, P., 1993, Rev. Mod. Phys. 65, 337.
Small-Warren, N. E., and L.-Y. C. Chiu, 1975, Phys. Rev. A 11, 1777.
Smiciklas, M., and D. Shiner, 2010, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 123001.
Soding, J., D. Guery-Odelin, P. Desbiolles, F. Chevy, H. Inamori, and J. Dalibard, 1999, App. Phys. B 69, 257.
Spoden, P., M. Zinner, N. Herschbach, W. J. van Drunen, W. Ertmer, and G. Birkl, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 223201.
van der Stam, K. M. R., R. Meppelink, J. M. Vogels, and P. van der Straten, 2007, Phys. Rev. A 75, 031602.
Stamper-Kurn, D. M., H.-J. Miesner, S. Inouye, M. R. Andrews, and W. Ketterle, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 500.
Starck, J., and W. Meyer, 1994, Chem. Phys. lett. 225, 229.
Stas, R. J. W., J. M. McNamara, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 053001.
Stas, R. J. W., J. M. McNamara, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 032713.
Stenger, J., S. Inouye, A. P. Chikkatur, D. M. Stamper-Kurn, D. E. Pritchard, and W. Ketterle, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4569.
Storry, C., M. C. George, and E. Hessels, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3274.
Stringari, S., and L. Pitaevskii, 2003, Bose-Einstein Condensation (Oxford University Press, London, Great Britain).
Sukenik, C. I., and H. C. Busch, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 66, 051402.
Suominen, K.-A., K. Burnett, P. S. Julienne, M. Walhout, U. Sterr, C. Orzel, M. Hoogerland, and S. L. Rolston, 1996, Phys. Rev. A. 53, 1678.
Swansson, J. A., K. G. H. Baldwin, M. D. Hoogerland, A. G. Truscott, and S. J. Buckman, 2004, Appl. Phys. B 79.
Swansson, J. A., R. G. Dall, and Truscott, 2006, Rev. Sci. Instr. 77, 046103.
Swansson, J. A., R. G. Dall, A. G. Truscott, and S. J. Buckman, 2007, Appl. Phys. B 86, 485.
Tachiev, G., and C. Froese Fischer, 2002, Method: MCHF (energy adjusted), http://nlte.nist.gov/MCHF/index.html.
Tang, H. Y. S., and W. Happer, 1972, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 17, 476.
Tempelaars, J., R. Stas, P. Sebel, H. Beijerinck, and E. Vredenbregt, 2002, Eur. Phys. J. D 18, 113.
Tol, P., 2005, Trapping and evaporative cooling of metastable helium, Ph.D. thesis, VU University, Amsterdam.
Tol, P. J. J., N. Herschbach, E. A. Hessels, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 60, R761.
Tol, P. J. J., W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2004, Phys. Rev. A 70, 013404.
Townsend, C. G., N. H. Edwards, C. J. Cooper, K. P. Zetie, C. J. Foot, A. M. Steane, P. Szriftgiser, H. Perrin, and J. Dalibard, 1995, Phys. Rev. A. 52, 1423.
Truscott, A., K. Strecker, W. McAlexander, G. Partridge, and R. Hulet, 2001, Science 291, 2570.
Tychkov, A., 2008, Bose-Einstein Condensation of Metastable Helium atoms, Ph.D. thesis, VU University, Amsterdam.
Tychkov, A. S., J. M. Jeltes, J. M. McNamara, P. J. J. Tol, N. Herschbach, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2006, Phys. Rev. A. 73, 031603(R).
Tychkov, A. S., J. C. J. Koelemeij, T. Jeltes, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2004, Phys. Rev. A 69, 055401.
Uhlmann, L., R. Dall, A. Truscott, M. Hoogerland, K. Baldwin, and S. Buckman, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 173201.
Van Dyck, R. S., C. E. Johnson, and H. A. Shugart, 1971, Phys. Rev. A 4, 1327.
Vansteenkiste, N., C. Gerz, R. Kaiser, L. Hollberg, C. Salomon, and A. Aspect, 1991, Journal de Physique II France 1, 1407.
Vassen, W., 1996, in OSA TOPS Volume 7: Ultracold Atoms and BEC, edited by K. Burnett (OSA, Washington, DC), pp. 20{25.
Vassen, W., T. Jeltes, J. McNamara, and A. Tychkov, 2007, in Ultracold Fermi Gases, Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi, Course CLXIV, edited by M. Inguscio, W. Ketterle, and C. Salomon (IOS Press, Amsterdam), pp. 817{834.
Venturi, V., and I. B. Whittingham, 2000, Phys. Rev. A 61, 060703.
Venturi, V., I. B. Whittingham, P. J. Leo, and G. Peach, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 60, 4635.
Vogels, J. M., K. Xu, and W. Ketterle, 2002, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 020401.
Walhout, M., H. J. L. Megens, A. Witte, and S. L. Rolston, 1993, Phys. Rev. A 48, R879.
Walhout, M., U. Sterr, C. Orzel, M. Hoogerland, and S. L. Rolston, 1995a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 506.
Walhout, M., U. Sterr, A. Witte, and S. L. Rolston, 1995b, Opt. Lett. 20, 1192.
Walhout, M., A. Witte, and S. L. Rolston, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2843.
Walker, T., D. Sesko, and C. Wieman, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 408.
Wang, L.-B., P. Mueller, K. Bailey, G. W. F. Drake, J. P. Greene, D. Henderson, R. J. Holt, R. V. F. Janssens, C. L. Jiang, Z.-T. Lu, T. P. O'Connor, R. C. Pardo, et al., 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 142501.
Weiner, J., V. S. Bagnato, Z. S., and P. S. Julienne, 1999, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1.
Westbrook, C. I., and D. Boiron, 2009, in Proceedings of Science, Quantum of Quasars Workshop, edited by C. Foellmi (Trieste International School of Advanced Studies), volume PoS(QQ09), p. 005.
Westbrook, C. I., A. Robert, O. Sirjean, A. Browaeys, J. Poupard, D. Boiron, and A. . Aspect, 2002, in Laser Spectroscopy, proceedings of the XV international conference, edited by S. Chu, V. Vuletic, A. Kerman, and C. Chin (World Scienti c, Singapore), p. 12.
Woestenenk, G., J. Thomsen, M. van Rijnbach, and P. van der Straten, 2001, Rev. Sci. Instr. 72, 3842.
Woodworth, J. R., and H. W. Moos, 1975, Phys. Rev. A 12, 2455.
Yan, Z.-C., and J. F. Babb, 1998, Phys. Rev. A 58(2), 1247.
Yasuda, M., and H. Katori, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 153004.
Yasuda, M., and F. Shimizu, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3090.
Yerokhin, V. A., and K. Pachucki, 2010, Phys. Rev. A 81, 022507.
Zelevinsky, T., D. Farkas, and G. Gabrielse, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203001.
Zhao, P., J. R. Lawall, and F. M. Pipkin, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 592.
Zin, P., J. Chwedenczuk, and M. Trippenbach, 2006, Phys. Rev. A 73, 033602.
Zin, P., J. Chwedenczuk, A. Veitia, K. Rzazewski, and M. Trippenbach, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 200401.
Zin, P., A. Dragan, S. Charzynski, N. Herschbach, W. Hogervorst, and W. Vassen, 2003, J. Phys. B 36, L149.
Zinner, M., P. Spoden, T. Kraemer, G. Birkl, and W. Ertmer, 2003, Phys. Rev. A. 67, 010501.
van der Zwan, E., D. van Oosten, D. Nehari, P. van der Straten, and H. Stoof, 2006, J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39, S825.
Since the observation of BEC, the ability to coherently outcouple atoms to form a coherent beam of matter waves, or \atom laser" (Mewes et al., 1997) has attracted much attention, in part because of its potential applications in atom interferometry. Coherent matter wave optics is reviewed in Bongs and Sengstock (2004).
Metrics
Back to previous page
BibTeX entry
@article{oai:it.cnr:prodotti:206101,
title = {Cold and trapped metastable noble gases},
author = {Vassen Wim and Cohen-Tannoudji Claude and Leduc Michele and Boiron Denis and Westbrook Christoph I. and Truscott Andrew and Baldwin Ken and Birkl Gerhard and Cancio Pablo and Trippenbach Marek},
publisher = {American Physical Society,, Minneapolis , Stati Uniti d'America},
doi = {10.1103/revmodphys.84.175 and 10.48550/arxiv.1110.1361},
journal = {Reviews of modern physics},
volume = {84},
pages = {175–210},
year = {2012}
}
